A Cercle was the smallest unit of French political administration in French Colonial Africa as headed by a European officer.However, the Cercle system at the lowest level was a constant. The administrative structure of French colonial possessions in West Africa, while more homogeneous than neighboring British possessions, was marked by variety and flux.Until the unification of these colonies into French West Africa, these conquered areas were usually governed by French Army officers and dubbed "Military Territories.".During this time the Voulet–Chanoine Mission, a military expedition, was sent from Senegal in 1898 to conquer the Chad Basin and unify all French territories in West Africa.As a part of the Scramble for Africa, France planned to establish a continuous west-east axis of the continent.
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